Ars moriendi v delu Marguerite Yourcenar : doktorska disertacija /
The present dissertation analyses the theme of ars moriendi in four novels written by Marguerite Yourcenar: Mémoirs d'Hadrien (1951), L'OEuvre au noir (1968), Anna, soror... (1981) and Un homme obscur (1982). All four novels share the common theme of death and of finding a way to cope with...
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| Format: | Thesis Knjiga |
| Jezik: | Slovenian |
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Ljubljana :
[T. Osterman],
2016.
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| Izvleček: | The present dissertation analyses the theme of ars moriendi in four novels written by Marguerite Yourcenar: Mémoirs d'Hadrien (1951), L'OEuvre au noir (1968), Anna, soror... (1981) and Un homme obscur (1982). All four novels share the common theme of death and of finding a way to cope with it - be it through intimate confession (Hadrien), alchemy (Zénon), incest (Anna and Miguel) or passive indifference towards life (Nathanaël). It is through the thematic structure of ars moriendi that Yourcenar is trying to find in each novel a unique form of dying under the characters' different perspectives. Ars moriendi, as the central theme of the dissertation, reveals the importance of approaching death as a way to decipher the world and the universe in which the characters live. Account is taken of the chronological as well as of the thematic perspective of Yourcenar's work, from her earliest to her final novel. This account-taking reveals the different phases that the author has gone through both in her writing as well as in the philosophical development of the central theme. The author's profound interest in history and classical themes is also analysed in order to emphasize the value and the universal aspect of her writings. The thematic and partly deconstructive method used in the dissertation is an apt methodological approach since it is closest to how Yourcenar refers to her own work. The deconstructive method is also a way to question the logocentric system of thinking. The opposites and antitheses of life and death, as well as of the individual and the universal, are analysed in each novel in order to highlight the relativity of all ontological models. The dissertation also aims to demonstrate the subversive elements that the characters (Hadrien, Zénon, Anna and Miguel, Nathanaël) possess in their individual ways of thinking and acting in the world. The subversiveness found in each novel has a highly deconstructive effect on the established ontological and metaphysical system canonised by Western culture and philosophy. The subversive rhetoric used by Yourcenar is often in the guise of a classical formal structure which often masks the difficulties of such themes as death, love, incest and anarchy. Her authority as a classical author bespeaks the apparent stability of traditional values which she then, step by step, deconstructs in her novels. This is Yourcenar's preferred way of questioning all of the well-established concepts, principles and ideas that have been shaped by Western metaphysical thought. The extremes between life and death reveal the hidden conflicts inherent in the authority and autonomy of a person. The dissertation strives to reach an overall perspective of Yourcenar's work by references to her other works which additionally illustrate the great vision of her complex creative and philosophical literary universe. The mystic component present throughout her novels is also taken into account and interpreted in the light of the ars moriendi theme. The ultimate aim of the analysis is to show how in the four novels and their context all five protagonists (Hadrien, Zénon, Anna and Miguel, Nathanaël) systematically undergo an ontological transformation that resembles that of a spiritual journey. The eschatological perspective of all five individuals is finally applied at the end when these characters face their death. Pričujoča disertacija je analiza tematike ars moriendi v štirih romanih Marguerite Yourcenar: Hadrijanovi spomini (1951), Opus nigrum (1968), Anna, soror ... (1981) in Un homme obscur (1982). Vsem štirim romanom je skupna tematika smrti in iskanje načina, kako se z njo soočiti, bodisi prek intimne izpovedi (Hadrijan), alkimije (Zenon), incesta (Anna in Miguel) bodisi prek pasivne ravnodušnosti do sveta (Nathanaël). Yourcenarjeva skuša prek tematske struktue ars moriendi v posameznih romanih na edinstven način ubesediti umiranje z različnih zornih kotov njenih junakov. Ars moriendi kot osrednja tema disertacije razkriva pomembno vlogo, ki jo ima smrt za razumevanje sveta in univerzuma, v katerem se gibljejo junaki romanov. V disertaciji sta upoštevana tako kronološki kot tematski vidik Yourcenarjinih del od najzgodnejšega romana do zadnjega romana. To nam razkriva različne faze, skozi katere je šla pisateljica tako v svojem pisanju kot v filozofskem razvoju osrednje tematike. V delu smo analizirali tudi pisateljičino veliko zanimanje za zgodovino in klasične teme, da bi poudarili vrednost in univerzalnost njenega pisanja. V disertaciji smo se odločili za tematski pristop, delno pa tudi za dekonstrukcijsko metodo, saj sta najbližja pristopu, ki ga pisateljica sama izbira, ko govori o svojih delih. Dekonstrukcijska metoda je tudi način, ki pod vprašaj postavlja logocentrični način mišljenja. V disertaciji smo v posameznih romanih analizirali nasprotja in antiteze, kot so življenje in smrt ter individualno in univerzalno, da bi opozorili na vprašljivost vseh ontoloških modelov. Namen disertacije je tudi pokazati subverzivne elemente, ki jih imajo v svojem načinu razmišljanja in delovanja junaki (Hadrijan, Zenon, Anna in Miguel ter Nathanaël). Subverzivnost, ki jo najdemo v posameznih romanih ima močan dekonstrukcijski učinek na ustaljen ontološki in metafizični sistem, ki sta ju kanonizirali zahodna kultura in filozofija. Subverzivna retorika, ki se je poslužuje pisateljica, je pogosto zakrinkana s formalno klasično strukturo, ki zakriva težavne teme, kot so smrt, ljubezen, incest in anarhija. Njena avtoriteta, ki jo ima kot klasična pisateljica, daje navidezno stabilnost tradicionalnim vrednotam, ki jih nato postopno ruši v svojih romanih. To je tudi način, ki ga je Yourcenarjeva izbrala, da bi pod vprašaj postavila vse uveljavljene koncepte, načela in ideje, ki so se izoblikovali znotraj zahodne metafizične misli. Prepad med življenjem in smrtjo razkriva skrite napetosti, povezane z avtoriteto in avtonomijo osebe. Disertacija stremi k celostnemu pregledu nad Yourcenarjevim opusom s sklicevanjem na njena druga dela, ki dodatno osvetljujejo veličino vizije njenega kompleksnega ustvarjalnega in filozofskega literarnega prostorja. Upoštevana je tudi mistična razsežnost, ki je navzoča v vseh njenih romanih in jo interpretiramo z vidika tematike ars moriendi. Poglavitni cilj analize je pokazati, kako se v štirih romanih in njihovem sobesedilu vseh pet junakov (Hadrijan, Zenon, Anna in Miguel, Nathanaël) ontološko preobrazi, kar spominja na duhovno pot. Ko je naposled vseh pet posameznikov soočenih s smrtjo, nastopi trenutek še za eshatološki vidik. |
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| Opis knjige/članka: | Oddano tudi na optičnem disku (CD-ROM-u) Mentor Boštjan Marko Turk, somentorica Florence Lucienne Gacoin Marks. |
| Fizični opis: | 233 f. ; 30 cm. |
| Bibliografija: | Bibliografija: f. 224-232. Abstract ; Povzetek. |